91TV

Safeguarding Anthropocene tropical forests

05 - 06 October 2026 09:00 - 17:00 91TV Free Watch online

Science+ meeting organised by Professor Jane Hill OBE FRS, Dr Glen Reynolds MBE, Dr Lindsay Banin, Dr Ophelia Wang, Professor John Pyle CBE FRS

The conservation of tropical forests is vital for addressing the global biodiversity crisis, and forests provide opportunities for green financing through nature-based solutions. There is good understanding of the factors influencing forest ecosystems and this meeting will explore how this science can be deployed to ensure that green finance developments safeguard biodiversity.

Programme

The programme, including speaker biographies and abstracts, will be available soon. Please note that the programme may be subject to change.

Attending the event

This event is intended for researchers in relevant fields.

  • Free to attend
  • Both virtual and in-person attendance is available. Advance registration is essential
  • Lunch is available on both days of the meeting for an optional £25 per day. There are plenty of places to eat nearby if you would prefer to purchase food offsite. Participants are welcome to bring their own lunch to the meeting

Please note that scientific meetings hosted by the Royal Society do not necessarily represent a Royal Society position or signify an endorsement of the speakers or content presented.

Enquiries: contact the Scientific Programmes team

Organisers

  • Jane Hill

    Professor Jane Hill OBE FRS

    Jane Hill OBE FRS is an ecologist at the University of York examining how species (particularly insects) are responding and adapting to Anthropocene environmental changes. Jane examines the fundamental ecological and landscape processes that determine where species occur, trends in their abundances, and the consequences for populations and communities. She is particularly interested in butterflies and moths, and in examining how and why species move across continents and through landscapes, and the consequences of these dynamic processes for local biodiversity. Her research includes tropical rainforest landscapes of Borneo where she uses data analysis, computer modelling, and lab and field experiments and observations to quantify the causes and consequences of biodiversity change arising from forest fragmentation and conversion to oil palm.

  • Glen Reynolds

    Dr Glen Reynolds MBE

    Glen Reynolds is a tropical forest ecologist, Director of the South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP) and a postdoctoral research fellow at Swansea University. Through SEARRP, he was appointed Senior Scientist at the Danum Valley Field Centre in Sabah in 2000, before becoming its Director in 2012. His work, and SEARRP’s wider research focus, centre on tropical forest ecology, biodiversity conservation and the application of science to conservation planning and land management. This includes research on habitat restoration, sustainable plantation management, biodiversity and carbon monitoring, and approaches that integrate commercial agriculture with the maintenance of biodiversity and wider ecosystem benefits across production landscapes. SEARRP prioritises support for early-career Malaysian and Southeast Asian scientists and the translation of research into practical impact through long-standing partnerships with local universities, government agencies, the commercial sector and conservation organisations.

  • Lindsay Flynn Banin

    Dr Lindsay Banin

    Lindsay Banin is a plant and ecosystem scientist at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology in Edinburgh, with a particular focus on the forests of South and Southeast Asia. Lindsay is interested in the processes that govern forest structure, composition and function, along natural environmental gradients and under anthropogenic environmental change. Her work has revealed new understanding on forest vertical structure, productivity, impacts of invasive plant species and processes of regeneration in disturbed forests. She uses field observation and experimental data and has a particular interest in statistical and spatial analyses. Her work is also concerned with delivering conservation and restoration approaches successfully and ethically, and co-develops methods and tools to quantify and monitor intervention outcomes, ecosystem and biodiversity change. She initiated the FOR-RESTOR network for evidence-based restoration in SE Asia and leads multi-stakeholder, interdisciplinary projects on applied forest restoration.

  • Ophelia Wang

    Dr Ophelia Wang

    Dr Ophelia Wang leads and supports the development of high-integrity Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) carbon asset portfolios, working at the intersection of science, strategy, and execution. With over 20 years of experience across Asia and the Americas, she has operated both within multilateral organizations and alongside corporate leaders, asset owners, and investment teams to advance climate strategies and deliver credible NBS outcomes. Her work focuses on translating complex ecological and carbon science into practical, commercially viable outcomes. This includes portfolio development, carbon asset evaluation, technical due diligence, and regulatory risk assessment, ensuring that climate initiatives are both technically robust and aligned with business and market expectations. She brings the ability to connect strategy and execution, and to work across technical teams, project developers, corporate stakeholders, and investors to ensure alignment, clarity, and high-quality results.

  • Professor John Pyle CBE FRS

    Professor John Pyle CBE FRS

    John Pyle CBE FRS is an atmospheric scientist who has made major contributions to studies of atmospheric composition, and composition/climate interactions, through numerical modelling and the interpretation of atmospheric constituent data. Research foci include the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, the drivers of changes in tropospheric composition and the budget of atmospheric methane. He is now an Emeritus Professor at the University of Cambridge where he has been Head of the Department of Chemistry and 1920 Professor of Physical Chemistry. His former research group is part of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). He was one of the four international Co-Chairs on the Scientific Assessment Panel for the Montreal Protocol from 2007 until 2023. He played a major role in establishing a European programme in stratospheric research.

Schedule

Chair

Jedediah Brodie

Professor Jedediah Brodie

University of Montana, US

09:00-09:10 Welcome by the Royal Society and organiser

Brief overview of meeting aims

09:10-09:25 Introduction to session by Chair
Professor Jedediah Brodie

Professor Jedediah Brodie

University of Montana, US

09:25-09:55 The unseen structural and climatic complexity of tropical forests

Can you remember the first time you looked at a forest? If you picture this or search online for ‘person looking at forest’, you’ll probably be picturing someone looking up. Tropical forests are tall, but more than this – they’re complex and varied at many different scales. With that structural complexity comes climatic complexity, and the two together create a diversity of niches within the forest ecosystem. As forest structure is degraded and lost, so too are the microhabitats and microclimates. This talk will explore the unseen structural and climatic world of tropical forests, from ground to canopy. I will suggest why this scale of exploration matters for tropical biodiversity, how it might be threatened by anthropogenic stressors, and – conversely – how the conservation and restoration of forest structural complexity could be a key factor in creating climate resilient tropical forests.

Dr Rebecca Senior

Dr Rebecca Senior

University of Durham, UK

09:55-10:25 Mapping Brazil’s biomass deficit: from forest pressure, restoration opportunities to carbon finance

Brazil has developed some of the world’s most advanced systems for monitoring and reporting forest resources using satellite observations, including PRODES, DETER and TerraClass. These systems have advanced our ability to quantify deforestation and forest biomass loss for the past two decades. Now, Brazil is moving in a new direction, developing national biomass maps that could help identify pressures on natural ecosystems, quantify their potential for recovery, and guide where restoration efforts and resources should be prioritized.

Here, we explore what becomes possible when maps of current aboveground biomass are combined with estimates of potential biomass across Brazil. The difference between them - the biomass deficit - provides a spatially explicit estimate of how much biomass has been lost relative to the ecological potential of each landscape, determined by climate, soils and topography. This information could open new possibilities for environmental monitoring and decision-making. Large biomass deficits may reveal the accumulated effects of fire, logging, fragmentation and other pressures that are not captured by forest-cover change alone, allowing us to identify where ecosystems have been most structurally altered. At the same time, the magnitude of the deficit provides an estimate of where substantial carbon recovery may be biophysically possible, creating a new spatial layer that could guide carbon mechanisms and restoration planning. Combined with information on land tenure, restoration costs, biodiversity and socioeconomic conditions, biomass deficit could help identify where investments are likely to generate the greatest returns for carbon recovery and ecosystem restoration.

Dr Matheus Nunes

Dr Matheus Nunes

University of Maryland, US

10:25-10:55 Measuring what biodiversity does: a standardized rapid assessment framework for ecosystem multifunctionality in tropical forests

Tropical forests are increasingly monitored using biodiversity indicators to understand the impacts of logging, fragmentation, and land-use change. Advances in remote sensing, environmental DNA, automated acoustic monitoring and artificial intelligence have transformed our ability to document species distributions and community composition across large spatial scales. However, knowing what biodiversity is present does not necessarily reveal what biodiversity is doing. The ecological processes that underpin forest resilience and ecosystem services remain rarely measured because existing approaches are often labour-intensive, taxonomically specialised and difficult to standardize across landscapes, limiting their incorporation into large-scale monitoring programmes. Here, we present a standardized rapid assessment framework for quantifying ecosystem multifunctionality through six complementary invertebrate-mediated ecosystem processes: dung removal, seed removal, predation of insect herbivores, soil faunal activity, bioturbation and decomposition. Using simple, inexpensive and reproducible field assays, the framework captures key processes underpinning nutrient cycling, plant regeneration and soil functioning, while requiring minimal specialist expertise and enabling implementation within a single field campaign. Drawing on a landscape-scale application across a tropical forest disturbance gradient in Borneo, we demonstrate how rapid ecosystem function assessment complements biodiversity surveys by providing direct measures of ecological functioning and resilience. Rather than replacing conventional biodiversity monitoring, this framework adds a critical functional dimension for evaluating ecological integrity. As conservation increasingly focuses on safeguarding resilient tropical forests in the Anthropocene, integrating standardized assessments of ecosystem multifunctionality into monitoring programmes offers a scalable and transferable approach for linking biodiversity patterns with the ecosystem processes that sustain forest health.

Dr Li Yuen Chiew

Dr Li Yuen Chiew

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

10:55-11:15 Coffee break
11:15-11:45 Title tbc
Professor Louise Ashton

Professor Louise Ashton

Hong Kong University, China

11:45-12:30 Discussion

Chair

Julia	Touza Montero

Professor Julia Touza-Montero

University of York, UK

13:30-13:45 Introduction
13:45-14:15 Talk title tbc
14:15-14:45 Rethinking green financing, performance-based evidence, and the transformation of community-forest relations

Green financing has become central to community-based forestry initiatives across tropical landscapes. However, this growing reliance calls for critical examination of performance-based approaches shaping environmental governance. While these mechanisms are designed to enhance accountability and demonstrate environmental and social outcomes, they also reflect a shift from rights-based approaches toward indicator-driven governance. Consequently, social-ecological relationships risk being reduced to quantifiable outputs, with community success assessed primarily through financial returns, carbon outcomes, or performance metrics rather than locally defined values and relationships. Drawing on evidence from social forestry sites in Indonesia, we show that the reliance on market-based metrics shapes communities in uneven ways. Communities with stronger links to market systems are better positioned to access financing, as forests are framed as sources of opportunity and income generation. While market engagement can improve livelihoods, it may also transform priorities and community-forest relationships by encouraging practices aligned with external incentives. In contrast, communities whose forest governance is rooted in customary institutions and relational values generate benefits that standardised indicators fail to capture. This creates risks of inequality by favouring communities able to translate their practices into measurable market outcomes while marginalising those whose forest relationships reflect less visible social, cultural, and ecological values. The challenge for green financing in community-based forestry extends beyond improving measurement and accountability to recognising diverse ways of valuing and relating to landscapes. More equitable approaches should complement financial metrics with frameworks that acknowledge customary tenure, relational values, and varied social, cultural, and ecological meanings communities attach to forests.

Associate Professor Truly Santika Rintanen

Associate Professor Truly Santika Rintanen

University of Greenwich, UK

14:45-15:15 Could carbon finance halt tropical deforestation and degradation? Or are the voluntary carbon markets and the Paris Agreement's Article 6 a distraction from effective conservation policy?

Carbon finance for tropical forest conservation and restoration has remained disappointingly limited in scale over the past decade, while deforestation has continued fairly unabated, with over 10% of remaining tropical forest being deforested or severely degraded over the last ten years. While some projects and countries have been strong success stories, concerns over integrity, community safeguards, and the overall concept of the use of carbon credit-based as offsets, has largely prevented growth. This presentation looks at the reasons for successes and failures of projects at the local and jurisdictional level, some of the solutions to commonly cited integrity, nesting and permanence concerns, and opportunities for the future. It also looks at other solutions to deforestation, from legislative and capacity support through innovative ideas like the Tropical Forest Forever Facility. It considers what a functioning carbon market could do for tropical forests, and how it could interact and complement other activities. The talk concludes by advocating against letting perfection being the enemy of action, suggesting doing all activities simultaneously, and improving as we go along, rather than designing then piloting a perfect system and implementing it too late.

Professor Ed Mitchard

Professor Ed Mitchard

Space Intelligence and University of Edinburgh, UK

15:15-15:45 Coffee break
15:45-16:15 Financing tropical forest restoration

Deforestation and forest degradation are the major causes of biodiversity loss and carbon emissions in many countries in tropical region including Indonesia. Forest restoration is therefore promoted to recover the forest loss and degradation. The Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) sets Target 2 stating that by 2030 at least 30% (thirty by thirty) of degraded areas are under effective restoration. Various forest restoration efforts have been carried out across the world, yet limited funding constrains the achievement of such ambitious target. Broad range of funding mechanisms are available, but it is not clear how to channel the money. Using Indonesia as example, we present various financing schemes in forest restoration with emphasize on the involvement of non-government actors and particular focus on biodiversity and ecosystem services including carbon. By utilizing potential financial resources from market and non-market mechanisms, forest restoration in the tropics can be upscaled to achieve Target 2 of KMGBF.

Dr Sugeng Budiharta

Dr Sugeng Budiharta

National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Indonesia

16:15-17:00 Discussion leading into ‘campfire’ event
17:00-18:15 ‘Campfire’ discussion and networking

Chair

Matthew Struebig

Dr Matthew Struebig

University of Kent, UK

09:00-09:15 Introduction to session by Chair
Dr Matthew Struebig

Dr Matthew Struebig

University of Kent, UK

09:15-09:45 Enhancing the economic value of regenerating ecosystems through enrichment planting of native non-timber species

When practiced under suitable conditions, assisted natural regeneration (ANR) is a highly effective approach for recovering native biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, regenerating forests and woodlands that do not provide financial benefits for farmers and land users are frequently recleared. Enhancing financial benefits of regenerating ecosystems for smallholder farmers and local communities serves to ensure long-term sustainability, conserve native biodiversity, strengthen traditional knowledge and culture, storing carbon, and mitigating extreme effects of climate change. We applied financial analysis over a 30-year projection horizon, extrapolating from available short-term data, to assess the financial feasibility of growing, harvesting and local sale of products sourced from 14 native non-timber forest product (NTFP) species in the context of naturally regenerating forests and savanna woodlands in five Latin American and African countries (Brazil, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana and Nigeria).

For nine of the 14 species modelled, net revenue from ANR with enrichment was higher than the most profitable alternative land use within the same area, with similar levels of carbon storage as unassisted natural regeneration. For these cases, assisted natural regeneration with enrichment offers a resilient investment pathway capable of withstanding diverse economic scenarios. Shifting the prevailing model of NFTP extraction to one of cultivation through restoration and regeneration brings multiple benefits for smallholders and local communities. By merging socio-bioeconomy with assisted natural regeneration practices, natural ecosystems can be restored as a key nature-based solution to provide both ecological and economic benefits while supporting traditional knowledge and cultural heritage.

Dr Robin Chazdon

Dr Robin Chazdon

University of the Sunshine Coast, US

09:45-10:15 Talk title tbc
10:15-10:45 Lianas as a constraint on tropical forest recovery and carbon storage

Tropical forests play a central role in the global carbon cycle, yet their capacity to sequester and store carbon is increasingly influenced by changes in forest structure and composition. Among the most important of these changes is the widespread increase in liana abundance observed across many tropical regions. Lianas compete intensely with trees for light, water and nutrients, reducing tree growth and carbon uptake, but their consequences for long-term forest recovery and carbon storage remain poorly understood.

In this talk, I will present findings from the world's longest-running liana removal experiment in Panama, which has tracked forest dynamics for more than a decade. Combining experimental data with process-based modelling, we show that lianas impose a persistent suppression of tree growth throughout forest regeneration. Rather than diminishing as forests mature, these effects accumulate through time, delaying recovery trajectories and substantially reducing the carbon storage potential of regenerating forests. Model projections indicate that lianas delay the time required for forests to reach maximum carbon storage by more than four decades and reduce long-term carbon storage capacity by approximately 25%.

I will also present new evidence from a decomposition experiment embedded within the liana removal study that provides insight into below-ground carbon cycling. These results show that lianas influence not only carbon uptake through their effects on tree growth, but also the pathways through which carbon is processed and returned to the atmosphere via decomposition.

Together, these findings highlight lianas as a major but often overlooked regulator of tropical forest carbon dynamics, with important implications for tropical forest recovery, carbon sink strength and climate-change mitigation.

Professor Geertje	Van der Heijden

Professor Geertje Van der Heijden

University of Nottingham, UK

10:45-11:15 Coffee break
11:15-11:45 Talk title tbc
Dr Kate Hardwick

Dr Kate Hardwick

Kew, UK

11:45-12:30 Discussion

Chair

Jennifer Lucey

Dr Jennifer Lucey

University of Oxford, UK

13:30-13:45 Introduction to session by Chair
Dr Jennifer Lucey

Dr Jennifer Lucey

University of Oxford, UK

13:45-14:15 Challenges and opportunities of field-based monitoring of tropical biodiversity in forest carbon projects

Permian Global is a forest carbon project developer that channels private-sector finance into protecting and restoring tropical forests. Such projects are validated and verified against Verra's Climate, Community and Biodiversity (CCB) Standards, but verifying biodiversity trends over time through standardised, scalable field monitoring remains difficult. Focusing on the Kuamut Rainforest Conservation Project (KRCP; Sabah, Malaysia) and the Katingan Mentaya Project (KMP; Central Kalimantan, Indonesia), I discuss the practical challenges and opportunities of delivering credible monitoring in hyper-diverse landscapes, and present case studies on biodiversity-carbon relationships from our monitoring data.

Key challenges include limited standard-specific guidance on biodiversity indicators, survey protocols and adaptive sampling designs, requiring project teams to develop and justify tailored monitoring approaches; monitoring vast, inaccessible areas; and anthropogenic threats such as hunting, logging, fires and encroachment. Camera trapping and bioacoustic surveys often generate data volumes exceeding manual identification capacity, and use of automated tools remains limited as creating tropical species libraries is more challenging than for temperate regions. Managing investors' preference for simple, comparable metrics with biodiversity's inherent complexity remains a trade-off.

Opportunities exist alongside these challenges. Growing buyer demand for high-integrity biodiversity benefits from forest carbon projects is driving investment in monitoring. Emerging technologies, including AI-assisted image and sound recognition and remote sensing, offer more efficient data processing and analysis. Community engagement and livelihood enhancement also help reduce threats such as logging and encroachment, strengthening biodiversity outcomes. I conclude with priorities for making field-based biodiversity monitoring more standardised, technology-enabled and scientifically robust.

Dr Sarah Scriven

Dr Sarah Scriven

Permian Global, UK

14:15-14:45 Repeated airborne LiDAR reveals structural recovery and carbon dynamics across tropical forest restoration pathways

Tropical forest restoration has become a cornerstone of global climate and biodiversity strategies, yet robust evidence of how different restoration pathways recover ecosystem structure and carbon over time remains limited. This presentation demonstrates how repeated airborne LiDAR surveys, combined with field measurements, can provide unprecedented insights into long-term forest recovery across contrasting restoration pathways in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Over a nine-year period (2014–2023), we compared structural development and aboveground carbon dynamics in old-growth forests, naturally regenerating forests, and actively restored forests. Repeated three-dimensional measurements revealed distinct recovery trajectories among forest types. While old-growth forests remained structurally stable, actively restored forests exhibited the greatest gains in canopy complexity, basal area, and aboveground carbon, outperforming naturally regenerating forests in rates of carbon accumulation and structural recovery. These findings demonstrate that restoration interventions can substantially accelerate ecosystem recovery when compared with passive regeneration. Beyond quantifying forest change, this study highlights the value of repeated airborne LiDAR as a powerful tool for evaluating restoration effectiveness, supporting national forest monitoring systems, and strengthening Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) frameworks for climate mitigation. By linking advances in Earth observation with ecological understanding, this work provides new evidence to guide restoration investments and offers practical insights for safeguarding tropical forests in the Anthropocene.

Dr Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar

Dr Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar

National University of Malaysia, Malaysia

14:45-15:15 Mechanisms for the conservation of tropical forests with a focus on East Africa
Professor Neil Burgess

Professor Neil Burgess

UNEP-WCMC, UK

15:15-15:45 Coffee break
15:45-16:15 Panel discussion
Miss India Stephenson

Miss India Stephenson

rePLANET, UK

Dr Phil Platts

Dr Phil Platts

BeZero Carbon, UK

Mr Harry Tittensor

Mr Harry Tittensor

Plan Vivo Foundation, UK

16:15-17:00 Panel continues then wrap up and next steps